<div dir="ltr">Michael Chorost goes into pretty deep detail on the terms cyborg, fyborg, etc in his book about getting a cochlear implant. The book is titled "Rebuilt", which is a pretty large clue on how he views such technology. He's a tech writer, so he obviously comes at this from a technophile direction. <div><a href="https://michaelchorost.com/">https://michaelchorost.com/<br></a></div><div><br></div><div>Aaron</div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Wed, Mar 31, 2021 at 11:56 AM Franchesca Spektor <<a href="mailto:fspektor@andrew.cmu.edu">fspektor@andrew.cmu.edu</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><span id="gmail-m_5796760076436872gmail-docs-internal-guid-29038642-7fff-7647-ae92-7626109c6cf9">Sara, thank you for sharing this important perspective.<br><br></span><div><span>I apologize that I did not use the term “cyborg” with the care that it necessitates when introducing readings that take up controversial language. To respond to your message, I did some research on the ways “cyborg” has been used to describe people with disabilities. As you mentioned, the term has been used to reduce people with disabilities into the ways they are enabled by technology. These reductions, along with the term’s propensity in science fiction, feed stereotypes that technology may “fix” disability and that people with disabilities are subhuman, in particular, lacking warmth and human complexity.<br><br></span></div><div><span>For others, like me, who could use more education on the topic, here are some resources I found that nuance the potential harms and limitations of reclaiming cyborg terminology. Importantly, this discussion is complex and ongoing and some disabled activists have made clear that cyborg is not a term nondisabled people should use in reference to people with disabilities.</span></div><div><ul><li><a href="https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1057/9781137023001_6" target="_blank">Cyborgs, Cripples and iCrip: Reflections on the Contribution of Haraway to Disability Studies</a> by Donna Reeve talks about why the cyborg figure hasn't been more utilized in disability studies.</li><li>The Cyborg and the Crip chapter in <a href="https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=F4X6yaiCNOcC&oi=fnd&pg=PP2&dq=alison+kafer&ots=n8tOGO2UOe&sig=nA24II_goyKkeAvN1s3Okla_Va8#v=onepage&q=alison%20kafer&f=false" target="_blank">Feminist, Queer, Crip</a> by Alison Kafer has this great quote in reaction to Donna Haraway’s Cyborg Manifesto: "The "cyborg" concept thus serves to perpetuate binaries of pure/impure, natural/unnatural, natural/technological; rather than breaking down boundaries, it buttresses them" (109).</li><li>The intro of <a href="https://conservancy.umn.edu/handle/11299/125966" target="_blank">Building the Normal Body: Disability and the Techno-makeover</a> by Emily Smith Beitiks similarly breaks down how usage of "cyborg" has been traditionally ableist, from Haraway to Chris Hables Gray to John Hockenberry.</li><li><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/30/opinion/the-dawn-of-the-tryborg.html" target="_blank">The Dawn of the 'Tryborg'</a> by Jillian Weise, where she argues only disabled people should call themselves cyborgs since only disabled people depend on integrated technology.</li></ul>These different essays, perspectives, and bits of lineage are so important, and I hope we can continue discussing this nuance as a group. For instance, while Jillian Wiese uses a bionic leg and strongly identifies with the term cyborg, Laura Forlano, who uses an automatic insulin pump for type 1 diabetes does not. In both of their firsthand testimony, these authors detail the labor it requires to make their assistive technology work. I recognize that Zoltan Istvan’s controversial article is a troubling counterpoint to their perspectives, as it is 1) a blatant misunderstanding of the capacity of assistive tech, and 2) an insidious ideology that has influenced policy. In pairing it with Wiese and Forlano, I was hoping to draw out this historical tension between techno-solutionism and disability rights in our Thursday discussion. I apologize for not initially characterizing the harm perpetuated by Zoltan’s ideology -- especially as it concerns the term “cyborg.”<br></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Mon, Mar 29, 2021 at 4:06 PM Sara Kingsley <<a href="mailto:skingsle@cs.cmu.edu" target="_blank">skingsle@cs.cmu.edu</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small">Hi everyone,</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small">I request that we not refer to everyone living with medical assistive technology as a "cyborg." For many of us, it is extraordinarily derogatory, ableist, and those terms have been used by non-disabled people to harass and commit acts of violence against disabled people. I also ask that we consider reading about the history of diabetes technology, the broader community whose lives depend on it before engaging in a discussion of type 1 diabetes. </div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small">Thank you, Sara</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small"><br></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Mon, Mar 29, 2021 at 6:33 PM Franchesca Spektor <<a href="mailto:fspektor@andrew.cmu.edu" target="_blank">fspektor@andrew.cmu.edu</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr">Hi everyone,<div><br></div><div>For this week's reading, we'll explore the cyborg as the supposed "pinnacle" of assistive technology. Can cyborg technology eliminate disability? Who can afford to become a cyborg? How do these questions come to influence products and policy?</div><div><br></div><div>These first two essays discuss the frictions of cyborg embodiment, from the lived experience of disability:</div><div><ul><li><a href="https://granta.com/common-cyborg/" target="_blank">"Common Cyborg"</a> by Jillian Weise, a poet, performance artist, and activist. (I've shared this essay before but I just love it so much).</li><li><a>"The Danger of Intimate Algorithms"</a> by Laura Forlano, a scholar and design researcher.</li></ul></div><div>If you have time for it, this last essay is a short Vice article from several years ago, which argues that the US should invest into exoskeletons rather than accessible environments. </div><div><ul><li><a href="https://www.vice.com/en/article/4x3pdm/in-the-transhumanist-age-we-should-be-repairing-disabilities-not-sidewalks" target="_blank">"In the Transhumanist Age, We Should be Repairing Disabilities, Not Sidewalks"</a> by Zoltan Istvan, an attempted politician and president of the Transhumanist Party.</li></ul></div><div><div>I'm really looking forward to our discussion and hearing everyone's thoughts!</div><div><br></div><div><div><strong style="font-family:"Helvetica Neue"">As always, join us at Accessibility <span>Lunch</span> on Thursday, April 1st at 1:30 PM EST here. </strong>To access the meeting, please use this Zoom conference link: <a href="https://cmu.zoom.us/j/95170225799?pwd=UkhZWmwwUkp6M3BMR1dsM0taNjNnZz09" style="font-family:Verdana,sans-serif;font-size:16px" target="_blank">https://cmu.zoom.us/j/95170225799?pwd=UkhZWmwwUkp6M3BMR1dsM0taNjNnZz09</a></div></div></div><div><br></div><div>Thanks so much, and see y'all soon ~</div><div><br></div><div>- Franky</div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><br></p></div></div>
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</blockquote></div><br clear="all"><div><br></div>-- <br><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><b>Sara Kingsley</b><div>PhD student, Human-Computer Interaction Institute</div><div>School of Computer Science</div><div>Carnegie Mellon University</div><div>Pittsburgh, PA, USA</div><div><div>website:<b> </b><a href="http://www.sarakingsley.info" target="_blank">www.sarakingsley.info</a></div><div>Pronouns: she/her</div><div>Create Safe Spaces for Students, Denounce Ableist Language: <a href="https://www.autistichoya.com/p/ableist-words-and-terms-to-avoid.html" target="_blank">https://www.autistichoya.com/p/ableist-words-and-terms-to-avoid.html</a></div><div><br></div><div><b>want to chat about research, projects or coursework?</b> </div><div>please feel free to schedule time to meet with me at this link, thank you: <a href="https://calendly.com/sarakingsley/schedule" target="_blank">https://calendly.com/sarakingsley/sara-schedule</a></div></div><div><br></div></div></div></div></div>
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