<div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small">Post-note. I should have emphasized that the model regarding artificial pancreas decisions is not quite one of choice due to structural racism. Black and Hispanic people living with T1D do not have equal access to technology or medical care due to the structural racism of the United States.</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small">References:</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small">[1] <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4533245/">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4533245/</a><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small">[2] <a href="https://www.healio.com/news/endocrinology/20201231/black-young-adults-with-type-1-diabetes-less-likely-to-use-cgm-insulin-pump">https://www.healio.com/news/endocrinology/20201231/black-young-adults-with-type-1-diabetes-less-likely-to-use-cgm-insulin-pump</a></div></div></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Wed, Mar 31, 2021 at 1:15 PM Sara Kingsley <<a href="mailto:skingsle@cs.cmu.edu">skingsle@cs.cmu.edu</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;border-left-style:solid;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small">Franky,</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small">I really appreciate the time and care you've clearly put into crafting this note. I appreciate the additional context about Wiese and Forlano. At a future date, if you still have interest, I would be happy to share what I know of our use of artificial pancreases. It's a complicated history that is rapidly evolving, and one that is not a part of the techno-solutionism issue, to my knowledge (though T1Ds are a diverse, very anarchic/autonomous crowd in terms of perspectives). Only until recently, many people were not permitted to use an artificial pancreas unless the management of their type 1 diabetes was at a state that it was considered the medicine or tool of second to last resort. With advances in technology, form factors, and machine learning (to my own surprise AI does sometimes save lives, though it has killed us too), and how those developments have interacted with major policy changes (Affordable Care Act) and pricing/economics, the model of care has changed to one of choice, eg, use the tech that works best for you. </div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small"><br></div><div class="gmail_default"><span style="font-size:small;font-family:verdana,sans-serif">Our community continues to very hotly debate the use of language. For example, a lot of us are trained by medical professionals from a very early age to use person-first language. This is partly because studies indicate that young children thrive better with T1D when their personhood is</span><font face="verdana, sans-serif"> centered <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0)">(happy to provide readings about this upon request)</span>. We are also, some of us, subjected to harassment about our assistive technology. For example, I lost my high school education to bullying, violence against my artificial organ (having it ripped out), and being called similar terms as cyborg. Not all of us, thankfully, have had those experiences, but we are statistically or systematically excluded from educational institutions (linked readings are below). While a fair number of us do refer to ourselves by a range of terms, as you mentioned, it is not appropriate to refer to our demographic that way or any individual member of our community. These are our organs, we do not have the privilege to wear them on the inside anymore because the internal ones "died" (they still work for other things such as digestion but some of us say our pancreas is dead). </font></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small">I really appreciate you and this note. I've not really had a critical mass of T1Ds in any space I've had to survive. I'd imagine I'm not the only one here, but not sure what their preferences are. Either way, it really takes allies and a community speaking up and working with us to make sure we can exist everywhere, in any space, and that our lives are equal in economic opportunity and dignity. </div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small">Article about school exclu<font color="#000000" style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">sion: <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/27/health/many-schools-failing-on-diabetes-care.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="box-sizing:inherit;font-family:Slack-Lato,appleLogo,sans-serif;font-size:15px;font-variant-ligatures:common-ligatures" target="_blank">https://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/27/health/many-schools-failing-on-diabetes-care.html</a></font></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small">Department of Justi<span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">ce on the exclusion of Type 1 diabetics in school: <a href="https://www.justice.gov/archives/opa/blog/protecting-rights-students-diabetes" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="box-sizing:inherit;font-family:Slack-Lato,appleLogo,sans-serif;font-size:15px;font-variant-ligatures:common-ligatures" target="_blank">https://www.justice.gov/archives/opa/blog/protecting-rights-students-diabetes</a></span></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small">Here is article about ableist language, though we could perhaps benefit from creating comprehensive HCI Guidelines, I defer to the experts in the crowd on that: <a href="https://www.autistichoya.com/p/ableist-words-and-terms-to-avoid.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="box-sizing:inherit;text-decoration:none;font-family:Slack-Lato,appleLogo,sans-serif;font-size:15px;font-variant-ligatures:common-ligatures;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)" target="_blank">https://www.autistichoya.com/p/ableist-words-and-terms-to-avoid.html</a> </div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small">Thank you, Sara</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small"><br></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Wed, Mar 31, 2021 at 11:56 AM Franchesca Spektor <<a href="mailto:fspektor@andrew.cmu.edu" target="_blank">fspektor@andrew.cmu.edu</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;border-left-style:solid;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><span id="gmail-m_4379234077329449254gmail-m_-3574491813408562933gmail-m_-7424013179805626581gmail-docs-internal-guid-29038642-7fff-7647-ae92-7626109c6cf9">Sara, thank you for sharing this important perspective.<br><br></span><div><span>I apologize that I did not use the term “cyborg” with the care that it necessitates when introducing readings that take up controversial language. To respond to your message, I did some research on the ways “cyborg” has been used to describe people with disabilities. As you mentioned, the term has been used to reduce people with disabilities into the ways they are enabled by technology. These reductions, along with the term’s propensity in science fiction, feed stereotypes that technology may “fix” disability and that people with disabilities are subhuman, in particular, lacking warmth and human complexity.<br><br></span></div><div><span>For others, like me, who could use more education on the topic, here are some resources I found that nuance the potential harms and limitations of reclaiming cyborg terminology. Importantly, this discussion is complex and ongoing and some disabled activists have made clear that cyborg is not a term nondisabled people should use in reference to people with disabilities.</span></div><div><ul><li><a href="https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1057/9781137023001_6" target="_blank">Cyborgs, Cripples and iCrip: Reflections on the Contribution of Haraway to Disability Studies</a> by Donna Reeve talks about why the cyborg figure hasn't been more utilized in disability studies.</li><li>The Cyborg and the Crip chapter in <a href="https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=F4X6yaiCNOcC&oi=fnd&pg=PP2&dq=alison+kafer&ots=n8tOGO2UOe&sig=nA24II_goyKkeAvN1s3Okla_Va8#v=onepage&q=alison%20kafer&f=false" target="_blank">Feminist, Queer, Crip</a> by Alison Kafer has this great quote in reaction to Donna Haraway’s Cyborg Manifesto: "The "cyborg" concept thus serves to perpetuate binaries of pure/impure, natural/unnatural, natural/technological; rather than breaking down boundaries, it buttresses them" (109).</li><li>The intro of <a href="https://conservancy.umn.edu/handle/11299/125966" target="_blank">Building the Normal Body: Disability and the Techno-makeover</a> by Emily Smith Beitiks similarly breaks down how usage of "cyborg" has been traditionally ableist, from Haraway to Chris Hables Gray to John Hockenberry.</li><li><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/30/opinion/the-dawn-of-the-tryborg.html" target="_blank">The Dawn of the 'Tryborg'</a> by Jillian Weise, where she argues only disabled people should call themselves cyborgs since only disabled people depend on integrated technology.</li></ul>These different essays, perspectives, and bits of lineage are so important, and I hope we can continue discussing this nuance as a group. For instance, while Jillian Wiese uses a bionic leg and strongly identifies with the term cyborg, Laura Forlano, who uses an automatic insulin pump for type 1 diabetes does not. In both of their firsthand testimony, these authors detail the labor it requires to make their assistive technology work. I recognize that Zoltan Istvan’s controversial article is a troubling counterpoint to their perspectives, as it is 1) a blatant misunderstanding of the capacity of assistive tech, and 2) an insidious ideology that has influenced policy. In pairing it with Wiese and Forlano, I was hoping to draw out this historical tension between techno-solutionism and disability rights in our Thursday discussion. I apologize for not initially characterizing the harm perpetuated by Zoltan’s ideology -- especially as it concerns the term “cyborg.”<br></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Mon, Mar 29, 2021 at 4:06 PM Sara Kingsley <<a href="mailto:skingsle@cs.cmu.edu" target="_blank">skingsle@cs.cmu.edu</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;border-left-style:solid;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small">Hi everyone,</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small">I request that we not refer to everyone living with medical assistive technology as a "cyborg." For many of us, it is extraordinarily derogatory, ableist, and those terms have been used by non-disabled people to harass and commit acts of violence against disabled people. I also ask that we consider reading about the history of diabetes technology, the broader community whose lives depend on it before engaging in a discussion of type 1 diabetes. </div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small">Thank you, Sara</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small"><br></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Mon, Mar 29, 2021 at 6:33 PM Franchesca Spektor <<a href="mailto:fspektor@andrew.cmu.edu" target="_blank">fspektor@andrew.cmu.edu</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;border-left-style:solid;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr">Hi everyone,<div><br></div><div>For this week's reading, we'll explore the cyborg as the supposed "pinnacle" of assistive technology. Can cyborg technology eliminate disability? Who can afford to become a cyborg? How do these questions come to influence products and policy?</div><div><br></div><div>These first two essays discuss the frictions of cyborg embodiment, from the lived experience of disability:</div><div><ul><li><a href="https://granta.com/common-cyborg/" target="_blank">"Common Cyborg"</a> by Jillian Weise, a poet, performance artist, and activist. (I've shared this essay before but I just love it so much).</li><li><a>"The Danger of Intimate Algorithms"</a> by Laura Forlano, a scholar and design researcher.</li></ul></div><div>If you have time for it, this last essay is a short Vice article from several years ago, which argues that the US should invest into exoskeletons rather than accessible environments. </div><div><ul><li><a href="https://www.vice.com/en/article/4x3pdm/in-the-transhumanist-age-we-should-be-repairing-disabilities-not-sidewalks" target="_blank">"In the Transhumanist Age, We Should be Repairing Disabilities, Not Sidewalks"</a> by Zoltan Istvan, an attempted politician and president of the Transhumanist Party.</li></ul></div><div><div>I'm really looking forward to our discussion and hearing everyone's thoughts!</div><div><br></div><div><div><strong style="font-family:"Helvetica Neue"">As always, join us at Accessibility <span>Lunch</span> on Thursday, April 1st at 1:30 PM EST here. </strong>To access the meeting, please use this Zoom conference link: <a href="https://cmu.zoom.us/j/95170225799?pwd=UkhZWmwwUkp6M3BMR1dsM0taNjNnZz09" style="font-family:Verdana,sans-serif;font-size:16px" target="_blank">https://cmu.zoom.us/j/95170225799?pwd=UkhZWmwwUkp6M3BMR1dsM0taNjNnZz09</a></div></div></div><div><br></div><div>Thanks so much, and see y'all soon ~</div><div><br></div><div>- Franky</div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><br></p></div></div>
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</blockquote></div><br clear="all"><div><br></div>-- <br><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><b>Sara Kingsley</b><div>PhD student, Human-Computer Interaction Institute</div><div>School of Computer Science</div><div>Carnegie Mellon University</div><div>Pittsburgh, PA, USA</div><div><div>website:<b> </b><a href="http://www.sarakingsley.info" target="_blank">www.sarakingsley.info</a></div><div>Pronouns: she/her</div><div>Create Safe Spaces for Students, Denounce Ableist Language: <a href="https://www.autistichoya.com/p/ableist-words-and-terms-to-avoid.html" target="_blank">https://www.autistichoya.com/p/ableist-words-and-terms-to-avoid.html</a></div><div><br></div><div><b>want to chat about research, projects or coursework?</b> </div><div>please feel free to schedule time to meet with me at this link, thank you: <a href="https://calendly.com/sarakingsley/schedule" target="_blank">https://calendly.com/sarakingsley/sara-schedule</a></div></div><div><br></div></div></div></div></div>
</blockquote></div>
</blockquote></div></div></div></div></div></div><br clear="all"><div><br></div>-- <br><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><b>Sara Kingsley</b><div>PhD student, Human-Computer Interaction Institute</div><div>School of Computer Science</div><div>Carnegie Mellon University</div><div>Pittsburgh, PA, USA</div><div><div>website:<b> </b><a href="http://www.sarakingsley.info" target="_blank">www.sarakingsley.info</a></div><div>Pronouns: she/her</div><div><br></div><div><b>want to chat about research, projects or coursework?</b> </div><div>please feel free to schedule time to meet with me at this link, thank you: <a href="https://calendly.com/sarakingsley/schedule" target="_blank">https://calendly.com/sarakingsley/sara-schedule</a></div></div><div><br></div></div></div></div></div>
</blockquote></div><br clear="all"><div><br></div>-- <br><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><b>Sara Kingsley</b><div>PhD student, Human-Computer Interaction Institute</div><div>School of Computer Science</div><div>Carnegie Mellon University</div><div>Pittsburgh, PA, USA</div><div><div>website:<b> </b><a href="http://www.sarakingsley.info" target="_blank">www.sarakingsley.info</a></div><div>Pronouns: she/her</div><div><br></div><div><b>want to chat about research, projects or coursework?</b> </div><div>please feel free to schedule time to meet with me at this link, thank you: <a href="https://calendly.com/sarakingsley/schedule" target="_blank">https://calendly.com/sarakingsley/sara-schedule</a></div></div><div><br></div></div></div></div></div>